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A National Study of Assisted Living for the Frail Elderly: Results of a National Survey of Facilities

APPENDIX B. Detailed Tables Describing A National Probability Sample Of Facilities And Their Characteristics


TABLE B1. General Characteristics of Facilities1
Facility Characteristic Response 95% CI
(+/-)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Total estimated number of eligible facilities2 11,459 +/- 1271
Total estimated number of beds 611,300 +/- 60,100
Total estimated number of residents 521,500 +/- 52,500
Total estimated occupancy rate nationwide 84.3% +/- 2
Percent of eligible facilities on multi-level campuses 45.5% +/- 5.2
Percent that are self-described assisted living facility 71.5% +/- 3.4
Average length of time in business 15.0 years +/- 2.2
Average bed size 53.3 beds +/- 4.5
Average number of residents 45.5 res. +/- 4.1
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1710 +/- $164
Highest reported monthly rate in the facility sample $6440 n/a
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1338 +/- $65
Average highest monthly rate $2137 +/- $94
Average most common monthly rate $1582 +/- $69
Highest reported rate in the facility sample $7130 n/a
ACCOMMODATION TYPE
Proportion of units that are apartments 43.2% n/a
Proportion of units that are bedrooms 56.8% n/a
  1. Weighted data yielding national estimates. It is important to remember that our population includes only those places that (1) serve mainly older persons; (2) have 11 or more beds; (3) were in operation as of late 1996 to early 1997 (and thus were on the sampling frame); & (4) are either a self-described assisted living facility or a facility that offers at lease two meals a day, housekeeping, 24-hour staff, and assistance with >1 ADL and medications oor help with >2 ADLS.
  2. We use the term "facility" to refer to single-level or free-standing facilities and facilities that are part of multi-level campuses, as well as "assisted living" units that may be a section of another facility, such as a nursing home.


TABLE B2. Facility Characteristics--Privacy and Services
Facility Characteristic Response 95% CI
(+/-)
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
Percent of facilities that are high privacy (>80% of accommodations are private) 31.3% +/- 4.0
Percent of facilities that are low privacy >21% of accommodations are semi-private) 40.3% +/- 3.7
Percent of facilities with minimal privacy (>1 bedroom shared by 3 or more persons) 28.4% +/- 3.7
Percent of facilities with 100% private accommodations 26.7% +/- 3.6
Percent of facilities with <50% private accommodations 51.8% +/- 4.5
LEVEL OF SERVICES
Percent of facilities that provide high services (RN on staff at least 40 hours per week and provides nursing care with own staff) 30.6% +/- 3.8
Percent of facilities with low services 65.0% +/- 3.9
Percent of facilities with minimal services (does not offer assistance with>2 ADLS or >1 ADL and medications) 4.3% +/- 1.2
Percent of facilities that provide or arrange nursing care and will retain resident who needs nursing care 29.3% +/- 3.6
FACILITY TYPE
Percent of facilities with high services and high privacy 10.9% +/- 2.2
Percent of facilities with high services and low privacy 11.6% +/- 2.0
Percent of facilities with low services and high privacy 18.4% +/- 3.0
Percent of facilities with low services and low privacy 26.9% +/- 3.7
Percent of facilities with minimal services (does not offer help with medications and >1 ADL or help with > ADLs) or minimal privacy (> bedroom shared by 3 or more residents) 32.2% +/- 3.6


TABLE B3. Facility Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic Percent 95% CI
(+/-)
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 24.0% +/- 2.5
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 63.2% +/- 4.9
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32.3% +/- 3.8
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 69.2% +/- 3.7
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.8% +/- 4.2
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45.7% +/- 4.0
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 45.0% +/- 3.8
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 81.9% +/- 2.7
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 28.0% +/- 2.7
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged one or more residents in last 6 months because resident needed nursing care 71.7% +/- 3.4
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavioral symptoms (e.g., wandering, socially inappropriate behavior) 28.0% +/- 3.2
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 61.4% +/- 5.0
c. Resident who needs nursing care 31.5% +/- 3.7
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 70.7% +/- 3.8
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.9% +/- 4.3
f. Resident receives help with transferring 43.9% +/- 4.4
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 47.0% +/- 3.9


TABLE B4. Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic Percent 95% CI
(+/-)
PERCENT OF FACILITIES WITH SERVICES PROVIDED OR ARRANGED
A.   Housekeeping 99.1% +/- .7
B. At least two meals a day 99.3% +/- .5
C. Three meals a day 98.3% +/- .7
D. 24-hour staff 98.8% +/- .5
E. Medication reminders 91.7% +/- 1.8
F. Central medication storage or assistance with meds 87.6% +/- 2.3
G. Assistance with bathing 97.3% +/- .9
H. Assistance with dressing 94.3% +/- 1.5
I. Any care or monitoring by RN or LVN 79.5% +/- 3.0
J. Any therapy services 73.8% +/- 3.0
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 71.2% +/- 4.5
Any RN on staff -- full or part time2 54.8% +/- 4.9
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 39.8% +/- 3.7
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 25.1% +/- 6.1
LPN on staff full or part time 52.9% +/- 4.0
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Percent of "heavy care" residents (receiving assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23.6% +/- 2.6
Percent of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 34.1% +/- 2.5


TABLE B5. Comparison Among ALFs Based on Services and Privacy--General Characteristics
Facility Characteristic Min Priv.
or Serv.		 Low/
Low		 Low Priv./
High Serv.		 High Priv./
Low Serv.		 High/
High
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Total estimated number of eligible facilities 3685
(32%)		 3081
(27%)		 1329
(12%)		 2112
(18%)		 1252
(11%)
Total estimated number of beds 201,900
(33%)		 139,400
(23%)		 88,400
(14%)		 104,200
(17%)		 77,400
(13%)
Average bed size 54.8 45.3** 66.5 49.4 61.8
Total estimated number of residents 174,300 114,800 76,900 87,400 68,100
Average number of residents 47.3 37.3** 57.8 41.4 54.4
Total estimated occupancy rate 85% 81%* 86% 84% 87%
% of facilities found on multi-level campuses 33.8%** 34.8%** 66.5%** 51.8% 73.9%**
% of facilities that are free-standing or on a single-level camput 66.3%** 65.2%** 33.5%** 48.2% 26.1%**
% of facilities that are self-described ALFs 69.4% 70.3% 65.4% 79.5%* 73.6%
Average length of time in business 17.0 yrs. 14.1 yrs. 16.6 yrs. 10.8 yrs.** 16.7 yrs.
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1396** $1655 $2091 $1869 $2003
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1151** $1261** $1543 $1506 $1607**
Average highest monthly rate $1960** $1986** $2429 $2218 $2605**
Average most common monthly rate $1373** $1458** $1839 $1771 $1940**
* Significant at P<.01 compared to overall mean
** Significant at P<.001 compared to overall mean


TABLE B6. Comparison Among ALFs Based on Services and Privacy
Facility Characteristic Min Priv.
or Serv.		 Low/
Low		 Low Priv./
High Serv.		 High Priv./
Low Serv.		 High/
High
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
% of facilities with 100% private accommodations 12.8%** 0%** 0%** 76.8%** 74.5%**
% of facilities with <50% private accommodations 70.2%** 78.1%** 74.2%** 0%** 0%**
LEVEL OF SERVICES
% of facilities that have full-time RN on staff, provide OR arrange nursing care, and will retain resident who needs nursing care 17.4% 4.7%** 53.0%** 1.4%** 40.5%**
% of facilities that provide or arrange nursing care and will retain resident who needs nursing care 27.1% 24.5%* 53.0%** 18.7%** 40.5%*
* Significant at P<.01 compared to overall mean
** Significant at P<.001 compared to overall mean


TABLE B7. Comparison Among ALFs Based on Services and Policy--Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic Min Priv.
or Serv.		 Low/
Low		 Low Priv./
High Serv.		 High Priv./
Low Serv.		 High/
High
PERCENT OF FACILTIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 28% 25% 37% 11%** 17%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 66% 64% 74% 51%* 60%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32%* 28%* 54%** 21%* 41%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 60%** 68% 79% 75% 77%
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61% 63% 70% 55% 62%
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45% 46% 57%** 40%* 48%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 50% 45% 50% 35%** 44%
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 80% 84% 87% 77% 85%
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 30% 28% 42%* 18%* 28%
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged >1 residents in last 6 mo. because of need for nursing care 70% 67% 69% 79% 79%
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 36%* 26% 42% 14%** 20%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 66% 62% 73% 47% 57%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 30% 27%* 50%** 22%** 44%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 64%** 70% 78% 75% 79%
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 63% 62% 69% 56% 60%
f. Resident receives help with transferring 44% 42% 55%* 37%* 46%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 52% 45% 52% 39%* 45%
* Significant at P<.01 compared to overall mean
** Significant at P<.001 compared to overall mean


TABLE B8. Comparison Among ALFs Based on Services and Privacy--Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic Min Priv.
or Serv.		 Low/
Low		 Low Priv./
High Serv.		 High Priv./
Low Serv.		 High/
High
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 67%** 56%** 100%** 65%** 100%**
Any RN on staff -- full or part time 52%** 33%** 100%** 34%** 100%**
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 36%** 13%** 100%** 12%** 100%**
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 26% 24% 0% 26% 0%
LPN on staff full or part time 49%** 40%** 77%** 50% 76%**
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Percentage of "heavy care" residents (receive assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23% 19%** 35%** 20%* 31%
Percentage of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 35% 35% 38% 28%* 35%
* Significant at P<.01 compared to overall mean
** Significant at P<.001 compared to overall mean


TABLE B9. Comparison Between Single-Level and Multi-Level Facilities--General Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Free-
Standing		 Multi-
Level
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Total estimated number of eligible facilities 11,4594 6241
(54.5%)		 5218
(45.5%)
Total estimated number of beds 611,300 270,400
(44%)		 340,900
(56%)
Total estimated number of residents 521,500 224,400 297,100
Total estimated occupancy rate nationwide 84.3%1 82.7% 86.1%*
% that are self-described ALFs 71.5% 67.7% 76.1%
Average length of time in business 15.0 yrs. 15.7 yrs. 14.2 yrs.
Average bed size 53.3 beds 43.3 beds 65.3 beds**
Average number of residents 45.5 res. 36.0 res. 56.9 res.**
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1710 $1502 $1975**
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1338 $1221 $1477**
Average highest montly rate $2137 $1957 $2348**
Average most common monthly rate $1582 $1451 $1742**
4. Rounding errors account for differences in some estimates; also, different numbers of respondents to some items (e.g., number of beds and number of residents) may lead to slight differences in weighted estimates.
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B10. Comparison Between Single-Level and Multi-Level Facilities--Privacy and Services
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Free-
Standing		 Multi-
Level
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
% of facilities that are high privacy (>80% of accommodations are private)5 31.3% 22.8% 41.5%**
% of facilities that are low privacy (>21% of accommodations are semi-private) 40.3% 41.4% 39.1%
% of facilities with minimal privacy (>1 bedroom shared by 3 persons) 28.4% 35.8% 19.5%**
Percent of facilities with 100% private accommodations 26.7% 19.8% 35.0%**
Percent of facilities with <50% private accommodations 51.8% 63.2% 38.2%**
LEVEL OF SERVICES
% of facilities that provide high services (RN on staff at least 40 hours per week and provides nursing care with own staff) 30.6% 19.9% 43.5%**
% of facilities with low services 65.0% 76.4% 51.4%**
% of facilities with minimal services (does not offer assistance with >2 ADLs or >1 ADL and medications) 4.3% 3.7% 5.2%
FACILITY TYPE
Percent with high services and high privacy 10.9% 5.2% 17.7%**
Percent with high services and low privacy 11.6% 7.1% 16.9%**
Percent with low services and high privacy 18.4% 16.3% 21.0%
Percent with low services and low privacy 26.9% 32.2% 20.5%**
Percent with minimal service or minimal privacy 32.2% 29.1% 23.8%**
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B11. Comparison Between Single-Level and Multi-Level Facilities--Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Free-
Standing		 Multi-
Level
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 24.0% 22.9% 25.4%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 63.2% 64.1% 62.0%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32.3% 26.1% 39.7%88
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 69.2% 62.7% 77.0%**
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.8% 57.8% 66.5%
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45.7% 43.8% 48.0%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 45.0% 47.6% 41.8%
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 81.9% 80.5% 83.7%
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 28.0% 27.7% 28.4%
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged one or more residents in last 6 months because of need for nursing care 71.7% 65.7% 78.8%**
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 28.0% 27.6% 28.5%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 61.4% 61.2% 61.5%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 31.5% 25.7% 38.6%**
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 70.7% 63.9% 78.8%**
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.9% 58.6% 65.7%
f. Resident receives help with transferring 43.9% 42.3% 45.8%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 47.0% 49.5% 43.9%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B12. Comparison Between Single-Level and Multi-Level Facilities--Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Free-
Standing		 Multi-
Level
PERCENT OF FACILITIES WITH SERVICES PROVIDED OR ARRANGED
A.   Housing 99.1% 98.8% 99.5%
B. At least two meals a day 99.3% 99.3% 99.3%
C. Three meals a day 98.3% 99.1% 97.4%*
D. 24-hour staff 98.8% 98.7% 98.8%
E. Medication reminders 91.7% 91.5% 91.9%
F. Central medication storate or assistance with meds 87.6% 88.5% 86.5%
G. Assistance with bathing 97.3% 98.1% 96.5%
H. Assistance with dressing 94.3% 95.4% 93.0%
I. Any care or monitoring by RN or LVN 79.5% 72.9% 87.5%
J. Any therapy services 73.8% 66.2% 82.9%
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 71.2% 59.7% 84.9%**
Any RN on staff -- full or part time 54.8% 44.7% 66.8%**
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 39.8% 28.7% 53.2%**
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 25.1% 22.5% 29.7%
LPN on staff full or part time 52.9% 40.3% 68.0%**
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Average percent of "heavy care" residents (receive assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23.6% 21.5% 26.2%
Average percent of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 34.1% 36.1% 31.7%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B13. Comparison Between Self-Described ALFs and Other Eligible Facilities--General Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Self-
Described		 Other
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Total estimated number of eligible facilities 11,459 8195
(71.5%)		 3264
(28.5%)
Total estimated number of beds 611,300 427,500 183,800
Total estimated number of residents 521,500 357,100 164,400
Total estimated occupancy rate nationwide 84.3% 83.2% 86.9%**
Percent of facilities on multi-level compus 45.5% 48.5% 38.2%
Average length of time in business 15.0 yrs. 12.0 yrs. 22.5 yrs.**
Average bed size 53.3 beds 52.2 beds 56.3 beds
Average number of residents 45.5 res. 43.6 res. 50.4 res.
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1710 $1751 $1651
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1338 $1373 $1234
Average highest monthly rate $2137 $2194 $1968*
Average most common monthly rate $1582 $1624 $1454*
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B14. Comparison Between Self-Described ALFs and Other Eligible Facilities--Privacy and Services
Facility Characteristic All
Units		 Self-
Described		 Other
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
Percent of facilities that are high privacy (>80% of accommodations are private) 31.3% 34.4% 23.4**
Percent of facilities that are low privacy >21% of accommodations are semi-private) 40.3% 39.6% 42.3
Percent of facilities with minimal privacy (>1 bedroom shared by 3 persons) 28.4% 26.0% 34.4*
Percent of facilities with 100% private accommodations 26.7% 29.7% 19.0%**
Percent of facilities with <50% private accommodations 51.8% 47.1% 63.8%**
LEVEL OF SERVICES
Percent of facilities that provide high services (RN on staff at least 40 hours per week and provides nursing care with own staff) 30.6% 30.7% 30.5%
Percent of facilities with low services 65.0% 63.4% 69.2%
Percent of facilities with minimal services (does not offer assistance with>2 ADLS or >1 ADL and medications) 4.3% 6.0% Excluded
***
FACILITY TYPE
Percent with high services and high privacy 10.9% 11.2% 10.1%
Percent with high services and low privacy 11.6% 10.6% 14.1%
Percent with low services and high privacy 18.4% 20.5% 13.2%*
Percent with low services and low privacy 26.9% 26.4% 28.0%
Percent with minimal services or minimal privacy 32.2% 31.2% 34.5%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001
*** "Other" facilities, that is those that did not self-identify as ALFs, were required to provide these services to be eligible for the survey; thus, the statistically significant differences are a product of different eligibility rules.


TABLE B15. Comparison Between Self-Described ALFs and Other Eligible Facilities--Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic All
Units		 Self-
Described		 Other
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 24.0% 22.9% 26.9%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 63.2% 65.1% 58.3%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32.3% 32.5% 31.7%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 69.2% 72.7% 60.5%*
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.8% 66.0% 51.3%**
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45.7% 47.7% 40.7%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 45.0% 44.2% 46.9%
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 81.9% 80.9% 84.5%
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 28.0% 26.4% 32.1%
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged one or more residents in last 6 mo. because of need for nursing care 71.7% 74.9% 63.5%**
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavioral symptoms (e.g., wandering, socially inappropriate behavior) 28.0% 26.0% 33.2%
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 61.4% 64.0% 54.7%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 31.5% 31.9% 30.6%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 70.7% 74.5% 61.1%**
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.9% 65.9% 51.7%**
f. Resident receives help with transferring 43.9% 46.3% 37.9%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 47.0% 46.9% 47.2%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B16. Comparison Between Self-Described ALFs and Other Eligible Facilities--Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Units		 Self-
Described		 Other
PERCENT OF FACILITIES WITH SERVICES PROVIDED OR ARRANGED
A.   Housekeeping 99.1% 98.8% 100%***
B. At least two meals a day 99.3% 99.0% 100%***
C. Three meals a day 98.3% 98.3% 98.3%
D. 24-hour staff 98.8% 98.3% 100%***
E. Medication reminders 91.7% 92.8% 89.0%
F. Central medication storage or assistance with meds 87.6% 88.4% 85.6%
G. Assistance with bathing 97.3% 96.3% 100%***
H. Assistance with dressing 94.3% 93.6% 96.1%
I. Any care or monitoring by RN or LVN 79.5% 78.3% 82.7%
J. Any therapy services 73.8% 73.5% 74.6%
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 71.2% 71.1% 71.4%
Any RN on staff -- full or part time 54.8% 54.6% 55.1%
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 39.8% 40.4% 38.3%
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 25.1% 24.1% 27.5%
LPN on staff full or part time 52.9% 51.6% 56.0%
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Percentage of "heavy care" residents (receive assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23.6% 24.5% 21.4%
Percentage of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 34.1% 34.7% 32.7%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001
*** "Other" facilities, that is those that did not self-identify as ALFs, were required to provide these services to be eligible for the survey; thus, the statistically significant differences are a product of different eligibility.


TABLE B17. Comparison Between High and Low Service Facilities--General Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All Low
Service		 High
Service
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Total estimated number of eligible facilities 11,4591,2 7,450
(65.0%)2		 3,511
(30.6%)2**
Total estimated number of beds 611,300 344,3002 226,002
Total estimated number of residents 521,500 288,1002 197,5002
Total estimated occupancy rate nationwide 84.3% 83.2% 86.2%
% that are self-described ALFs 71.5% 69.7% 71.6%
% that are part of multi-level campus 45.5% 36.0% 64.6%**
Average length of time in business 15.0 yrs. 14.1 yrs. 17.4 yrs.
Average bed size 53.3 beds 46.2 beds 64.4 beds**
Average number of residents 45.5 res. 38.7 res. 56.2 res.**
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1710 $1596 $2033*
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1338 $1268 $1524**
Average highest monthly rate $2137 $1989 $2489**
Average most common monthly rate $1582 $1481 $1838**
  1. Rounding errors account for differences in some estimates; Also, different numbers of respondents to some items (e.g., number of beds and number of residents) may lead to slight differences in weighted estimates.
  2. There are an additional estimated 498 facilities (4.3% of the facilities) that have minimal services and are excluded from this analysis.
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B18. Comparison Between High and Low Service Facilities--Privacy and Services
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Low
Service		 High
Service
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
% of facilities that are high privacy (>80% of accommodations are private)5 31.3% 28.3% 35.7%
% of facilities that are low privacy >21% of accommodations are semi-private) 40.3% 41.4% 37.9%
% of facilities with minimal privacy (>1 bedroom shared by 3 persons) 28.4% 30.3% 26.5%
Percent of facilities with 100% private accommodations 26.7% 24.8% 30.7%
Percent of facilities with <50% private accommodations 51.8% 55.9% 44.2%**
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B19. Comparison Between High and Low Service Facilities--Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Low
Service		 High
Service
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 24.0% 21.6% 29.6%*
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 63.2% 61.2% 69.6%
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32.3% 24.5% 49.7%**
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 69.2% 66.5% 75.8%*
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.8% 59.7% 68.4%*
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45.7% 42.4% 55.7%**
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 45.0% 42.7% 52.2%*
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 81.9% 81.2% 84.7%
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 28.0% 24.0% 37.0%**
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged one or more residents in last 6 months because of need for nursing care 71.7% 71.1% 72.9%
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavioral symptoms (e.g., wandering, socially inappropriate behavior) 28.0% 24.5% 36.7%**
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 61.4% 59.2% 69.1%*
c. Resident who needs nursing care 31.5% 23.7% 48.9%**
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 70.7% 68.2% 76.9%
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.9% 59.8% 68.7%*
f. Resident receives help with transferring 43.9% 40.2% 54.1%**
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 47.0% 45.0% 53.7%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B20. Comparison Between High and Low Service Facilities--Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Low
Service		 High
Service
PERCENT OF FACILITIES WITH SERVICES PROVIDED OR ARRANGED
A.   Housekeeping 99.1% 100% 100%
B. At least two meals a day 99.3% 100% 100%
C. Three meals a day 98.3% 99.1% 99.2%
D. 24-hour staff 98.8% 100% 100%
E. Medication reminders 91.7% 92.1% 95.3%
F. Central medication storage or assistance with meds 87.6% 89.7% 88.5%
G. Assistance with bathing 97.3% 99.9% 100%
H. Assistance with dressing 94.3% 96.6% 98.4%
I. Any care or monitoring by RN or LVN 79.5% 72.3% 100%**
J. Any therapy services 73.8% 68.7% 89.4%**
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 71.2% 59.3% 100%**
Any RN on staff -- full or part time 54.8% 34.6% 100%**
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 39.8% 12.3% 100%**
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 25.1% 25.5% 0%**
LPN on staff full or part time 52.9% 42.9% 77.3%**
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Average percent of "heavy care" residents (receive assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23.6% 19.7% 34.1%**
Average percent of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 34.1% 33.3% 37.7%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B21. Comparison Between High and Low Privacy Facilities--General Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All Low
Privacy		 High
Privacy
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Total estimated number of eligible facilities 11,4591,2 4622
(40.3%)2		 3585
(31.3%)288
Total estimated number of beds 611,300 241,200 201,600
Total estimated number of residents 521,500 202,700 173,900
Total estimated occupancy rate nationwide 84.3% 82.4% 85.6%*
% that are self-described ALFs 71.5% 70.2% 78.7%*
% that are part of multi-level campus 45.5% 44.1% 60.3%**
Average length of time in business 15.0 yrs. 14.7 yrs. 13.0 yrs.
Average bed size 53.3 beds 52.2 beds 56.2 beds
Average number of residents 45.5 res. 43.9 res. 48.5 res.
RATES
For facilities with single rate, average monthly rate: $1710 $1762 $1872
For facilities with multiple rates:
Average lowest monthly rate $1338 $1332 $1512**
Average highest monthly rate $2137 $2115 $2317**
Average most common monthly rate $1582 $1561 $1791**
  1. Rounding errors account for differences in some estimates; Also, different numbers of respondents to some items (e.g., number of beds and number of residents) may lead to slight differences in weighted estimates.
  2. There are an additioanl estimated 3252 facilities (28.3% of the facilities) that have minimal privacy and are excluded from this analysis.
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B22. Comparison Between High and Low Privacy Facilities--Privacy and Services
Facility Characteristic All
Units		 Low
Privacy		 High
Privacy
LEVEL OF PRIVACY
Percent of facilities with 100% private accommodations 26.7% 0% 74.6%**
Percent of facilities with <50% private accommodations 51.8% 77.3% 0%**
LEVEL OF SERVICES
Percent of facilities that provide high services (RN on staff at least 40 hours per week and provides nursing care with own staff) 30.6% 28.8% 34.9%
Percent of facilities with low services 65.0% 66.7% 58.9%
Percent of facilities with minimal services (does not offer assistance with>2 ADLS or >1 ADL and medications) 4.3% 4.6% 6.2%
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B23. Comparison Between High and Low Privacy Facilities--Retention and Admission Policies
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Low
Privacy		 High
Privacy
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL RETAIN...
a.   Resident with behavior symptoms (e.g., wanders, socially inappropriate behavior) 24.0% 28.4% 12.7%**
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 63.2% 65.9% 54.3%*
c. Resident who needs nursing care 32.3% 35.3% 28.6%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 69.2% 71.2% 74.9%
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.8% 64.4% 56.7%*
f. Resident receives help with transferring 45.7% 47.5% 41.9%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 45.0% 45.6% 37.1%
h. Resident who requires temporary nursing care 81.9% 84.0% 79.8%
i. Resident who needs nursing care for >14 days 28.0% 31.5% 21.9%*
Discharges: Percent of facilities that have discharged one or more residents in last 6 months because of need for nursing care 71.7% 67.7% 78.5%
PERCENT OF FACILITIES THAT WILL ADMIT...
a. Resident with behavioral symptoms (e.g., wandering, socially inappropriate behavior) 28.0% 30.6% 15.9%**
b. Resident with urinary incontinence 61.4% 64.2% 50.1%**
c. Resident who needs nursing care 31.5% 33.0% 30.7%
d. Resident who uses wheelchair 70.7% 72.0% 75.6%
e. Resident receives help with locomotion 61.9% 62.7% 56.6%
f. Resident receives help with transferring 43.9% 45.4% 39.8%
g. Resident has moderate to severe cognitive impairment 47.0% 46.7% 39.7%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


TABLE B24. Comparison Between High and Low Privacy Facilities--Services Offered and Resident Characteristics
Facility Characteristic All
Facilities		 Low
Privacy		 High
Privacy
PERCENT OF FACILITIES WITH SERVICES PROVIDED OR ARRANGED
A.   Housekeeping 99.1% 99.1% 98.8%
B. At least two meals a day 99.3% 99.6% 98.5%
C. Three meals a day 98.3% 98.6% 96.9%
D. 24-hour staff 98.8% 98.3% 98.5%
E. Medication reminders 91.7% 92.2% 90.0%
F. Central medication storage or assistance with meds 87.6% 90.0% 82.2%*
G. Assistance with bathing 97.3% 97.6% 95.7%
H. Assistance with dressing 94.3% 94.6% 90.1%
I. Any care or monitoring by RN or LVN 79.5% 79.5% 78.4%
J. Any therapy services 73.8% 77.3% 70.4%
NURSE STAFFING
Any licensed nurse on staff (RN/LPN) full or part time 71.2% 68.0% 76.7%
Any RN on staff -- full or part time 54.8% 53.0% 57.7%
RN on staff at least 40 hours per week 39.8% 38.8% 43.8%
RN on staff less than 40 hours per week 25.1% 23.4% 25.0%
LPN on staff full or part time 52.9% 49.7% 58.1%
GENERAL RESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS
Average percent of "heavy care" residents (receive assistance w/>3 ADLs) 23.6% 23.1% 22.9%
Average percent of residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment 34.1% 35.2% 20.0%
* Significant at P<.01
** Significant at P<.001


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  • APPENDIX A (Telephone Survey Questionnaire)
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